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ADHD Dysphoria and Psychostimulant (Concerta, Ritalin) Medication

Abstract: Dysphoria and irritability can occur when people use psychostimulant medications.

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ADHD Dysphoria and Psychostimulant (Concerta, Ritalin) Medication

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Question(s): 
Written by: Martin Winkler
First version: 22 Jul 2008.
Latest revision: 10 Oct 2011.

Is dysphoria or irritability a common side effect of psychostimulant medication? My 9 year old girl Daniela got methylphenidate for about 2 weeks now, starting with 5 mg bid. Now the teacher noticed some improvement of attention, but she feels dysphoric and irritable in the afternoon. Should we stop medication?

Answer:

Any emergence of mood changes (irritability or dysphoria) or agitation is very relevant and should be reported to the doctor! There a many possible causes that could contribute to this change.

  • Titration of the right dose

    The medication needs to be monitored and adapted to the personal needs. So the child might need a higher dose of the medication or might be very sensitive to psychostimulants. This should be evaluated!

  • Rebound

    Normal methylphenidate pills work for about 3 to 4 hours. After that time a "rebound" of the old symptoms can occur. The patients feel very uncomfortable with this. Adaptation of the right dose and interval is necessary or you might try long-acting psychostimulants instead.

  • Change stimulant preparation

    Some children do not respond to methylphenidate but do fine with amphetamines.

  • Evaluate comorbid disorders like depression or anxiety disorders!!!

  • Assess sleep.

    Many adhd children have severe problems at night. If they cannot sleep they might feel irritable and dysphoric.

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